Doctor HealthHealth Tips

Top 10 Ways to Lose 10 Pounds
by JO MARK
1. Cut down on the amount of carbs that you eat.

Eat less bread and pasta and you WILL lose weight. A single slice of white bread has 100 calories. One four and a half ounce serving of plain pasta (without sauce) can have as many as 369 calories.

2. Write down your goals and look at them often.

Set a deadline to lose the weight and write it down. For example, ‘By Jan 10, I will weigh 185 lbs or less’. Put it in a location where you can see it every day. Read the rest of this entry »

Some breast cancers may naturally disappear without treatment, a study of women undergoing mammography suggests.
By HealthDay
The Norwegian study found that more cases of breast cancer were diagnosed after a regular screening program was put in place than before. That has led specialists to suspect that some of the diagnosed tumors would have spontaneously regressed had they not been detected and treated as the result of more rigorous mammography guidelines.

But since doctors can’t yet determine which tumors might regress and which might go on to be dangerous, the finding isn’t likely to change recommendations for mammography, experts said.

“The problem is, we don’t know the natural history [of breast cancer],” said Dr. Jay Brooks, chairman of hematology/oncology at Ochsner Health System in Baton Rouge, La. “I am sure there are some that do regress. The problem is, we can’t pick up those that are going to regress. It’s one of the unanswerable questions.”

The study was published in the Nov. 24 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.

Cancer experts have long suspected that some cancers may grow and then, for reasons that are unclear, simply shrink again and disappear. The new breast cancer trial appears to support that notion.

The study took advantage of the fact that new biennial (once every two years) screening mammography programs were instituted throughout Europe in the 1990s. Such a program began in Norway in 1996.

Researchers from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health tracked the incidence of breast cancer among more than 119,000 women aged 50 to 64 who participated in three rounds of biennial mammography screening between 1996 and 2001.

They then compared that data to the rates of breast cancer for almost 110,000 women of similar age between 1992 and 1997, largely before the new guidelines came into effect. When Norway began offering mammograms in 1996, almost all these women went and got a one-time screen.

Although it might be expected that the two groups of women would have breast cancer at similar rates, they did not. In fact, the women in the later cohort — who got mammograms once every 2 years — had a 22 percent higher rate of tumors than the women in the earlier, less heavily screened group.

According to the authors, changes in hormone therapy use over the study period did not explain the difference. So why would more frequent screening mean more cancers?

What probably happened, the authors theorized, is that some of the tumors detected during more frequent screening would not otherwise have caused women trouble if they had remained undetected. These tumors might have either remained stable or, more likely, spontaneously regressed.

In fact, there have been 32 cases of spontaneous regression of breast cancer reported in one recent review of the medical literature. And not all actual cases of spontaneous regression end up being documented.

In addition, autopsy studies have revealed that many women die without ever knowing they had a breast cancer.

One expert was intrigued by the findings.

“The study is very provocative and it generates an interesting hypothesis: that it’s possible some screen-detected breast cancers would not ever lead to death from breast cancer and are unnecessarily diagnosed and treated,” said Dr. Jeanne Mandelblatt, associate director for population sciences at Georgetown University’s Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center in Washington, D.C.

“But this study design can’t prove or disprove that hypothesis,” she added. “This study is inconclusive because these women were not randomized; there’s no data about the tumor sizes or tumor characteristics in the two groups, and no data about the breast cancer death rate in the two groups.”

Still, the finds should impact breast cancer research, experts say. “If the spontaneous remission hypothesis is credible, it should cause a major re-evaluation in the approach to breast cancer research and treatment,” wrote Robert Kaplan, of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Dr. Franz Porzsolt of the Clinical Economics University of Ulm, Germany, in an editorial that accompanied the journal article. “Certainly, it is worthy of further evaluation.”

Right now, however, doctors cannot tell a “bad” breast tumor from a potentially harmless one, so regular mammography screening is still valuable.

“For women, the take-home message remains that mammography done as recommended does decrease the chance of dying from breast cancer across the general population,” Mandelblatt said. “Women need to know that there are risks and benefits to all medical interventions, including screening mammography, and the policy recommending mammography is based on the fact that the benefits outweigh some of these harms.”

Opting for less damaging treatments, staying active and learning about the warning signs of lymphedema: that’s how women with breast cancer can avoid developing chronic lymphedema, according to the German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG).
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Women who have had two or more induced abortions have a reduced risk of pre-eclampsia by 60 %. It is not currently understood to what degree physical activity during pregnancy protects against pre-eclampsia, compared to previous studies. This is shown in two new studies from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) that use data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). The new results from MoBa were presented on Friday 7th November at 21st Norwegian Perinatal Days, a conference organised jointly with the 2008 International Stillbirth Conference. The NIPH chaired the conference and many researchers from the NIPH presented research about stillbirth and findings from the MoBa.
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Hot flushes, night sweats or painful joints may be good news for women taking hormone-based drugs for breast cancer — it may mean their tumors are less likely to return, researchers said on Thursday.

Women with any of these menopause-like symptoms after taking AstraZeneca’s breast cancer drug Arimidex or generic tamoxifen were 30 percent less likely to have their cancer return over the next nine years, they found.

“The treatment is designed to starve potential cancers of estrogen and these symptoms mean that there are lower levels of estrogen in the body,” said Jack Cuzick, an epidemiologist at Cancer Research UK, who led the study published in the journal Lancet Oncology.

“But it is too early to say whether having these symptoms is essential for the treatment to be effective. At the moment all we can say is that the symptoms indicate the likely success of the treatment.”

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide, according to the American Cancer Society. The group estimates about 465,000 women died of breast cancer globally in 2007, and 1.3 million new cases were diagnosed.

Declining death rates from breast cancer in developed countries have been attributed to early detection through mammography screening and to improved treatment.

The researchers looked at some 4,000 post-menopausal women treated with either Arimidex, known generically as anastrozole, or the older cancer drug tamoxifen. Arimidex is one of a newer class of drugs called aromatase inhibitors that cannot be taken by women not yet through menopause.

Women who reported hot flushes, night sweats or painful joints within three months of treatment were more likely to remain free of their cancer and these early side effects may also help doctors more effectively target future treatment.

“Our main message is: No pain, no gain,” Ivana Sestak, a Cancer Research UK researcher who worked on the study, said in a telephone interview.

Sestak added the researchers do not know why some women responded differently but believe genetics is the likely explanation because every person metabolizes the drugs that cause a drop in estrogen differently .

By Reuters

Obesity can wreck a person’s health for many reasons. But for women, too much weight tacks on an additional danger: Studies have linked obesity and breast cancer in a variety of ways.

Doctors aren’t sure why this link exists and are trying to figure out what ties weight gain to breast cancer. But they are more and more convinced the link is there, and they are urging women to watch their weight and increase their exercise to help stave off what is the most common cancer among females, nonmelanoma skin cancer aside.

“There are a lot of factors we need to figure out,” said Dr. Jennifer A. Ligibel, of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. “There are a lot of things we don’t know.”

An estimated 182,500 women in the United States will be found to have invasive breast cancer in 2008, according to the American Cancer Society, and about 40,480 women will die from the disease this year. Currently, there are about 2.5 million breast cancer survivors in the United States.

Studies have found that, in general, obesity is linked to cancer. The higher a person’s body-mass index (BMI, a ratio of weight to height), the more likely she or he will develop cancer, according to recent research by scientists at the University of Manchester in England. Other studies have found similar links to increased body fat.

Still other studies have found that women with breast cancer are more likely to live shorter lives and suffer a recurrence of their cancer if they are overweight.

For example, in a recent study conducted at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, more than two-thirds of women with stage III locally advanced breast cancer were either overweight or obese. The study also found that a greater proportion of obese patients were likely to be diagnosed with a rare and more deadly form of breast cancer, known as inflammatory breast cancer.

Scientists vary in their opinions on why this link exists, and what it means.

Some believe that obesity may make tumors harder to detect, so a woman’s breast cancer will be further developed before it is discovered.

“It could be because there’s more breast tissue, a lump would be less evident,” Ligibel said.

Researchers also believe that the systemic effects of obesity might do something to spur cancer on. For example, obesity or overweight can lead to fluctuations in hormone levels in the body.

“When women are heavier, their estrogen levels are higher,” Ligibel said. “That could be a pathway through which weight affects breast cancer. Other studies have shown that when insulin levels are high, there’s more chance a cancer will come back.”

Another link to obesity was found in a study from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill that showed that obese women are more likely to skip screenings for breast and cervical cancer. Without those screenings, women are less likely to catch breast cancer at a more treatable stage.

Debbie Saslow, director of breast and gynecologic cancer at the American Cancer Society, said it’s not completely clear what role obesity plays in breast cancer risk.

“For obesity, which is independent of breast size, I would think two factors would come into play,” Saslow said. “One, a positive, is that the breasts may be fattier, which would make a mammogram easier to read. The second, a negative, is indirect: Obese women are less likely to go to a doctor.”

Menopause appears to be a critical time, Ligibel said. Obesity creates a greater risk for breast cancer post-menopause, while pre-menopausal women actually have a reduced risk.

“Gaining weight around the time of menopause is a risk factor in developing breast cancer,” Ligibel said.

The increased risk of developing breast cancer and dying of it after menopause is believed due to increased levels of estrogen in obese women, said Colleen Doyle, director of nutrition and physical activity with the American Cancer Society.

There is good news. Studies have shown that exercise — 30 minutes to 60 minutes a day of moderate-to-high intensity physical activity — decreases breast cancer risk, Doyle said.

“Physical activity reduces breast cancer risk both directly, by decreasing circulating estrogens, and also indirectly, by helping with weight control,” she said. “Women are so concerned about breast cancer risk. Communicating that there are key things you can do to reduce risk — watch your weight and be more active — are valuable messages.”

Ligibel agreed, noting that exercise might be valuable enough to counteract the strain on the body caused by obesity.

“You might not need to lose weight if you exercise,” Ligibel said. “Exercise could affect the hormone levels and help keep cancer from occurring or recurring.”

By HealthDay

Health Tips :
If you smoke and you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it’s especially important to kick the habit now. The toxic chemicals inhaled when you smoke are easily passed to the unborn baby.

The American Pregnancy Association offers these suggestions to help you stop smoking during pregnancy:

* Make a list of all of the health benefits of quitting for yourself and your baby.
* Replace smoking with healthier habits, such as having a snack or a cup of tea with your newspaper, instead of a cigarette.
* Surround yourself with nonsmokers.
* Have a friend or family member ready to call when you need support.
* Ask your doctor for ways to help you quit, including tips on which smoking cessation aids are safe for you and baby.
* Set a goal date for quitting.
By Healthday

They survive cold season without a sniffle. They fly in germ-packed airplanes unscathed. And they somehow avoid stomach bugs that decimate the office. Wish you could be one of these women who never get sick? Try one or — even better — all of these seven secrets, and you may join this club come flu season.
1. Get a massage
For the past three years, Mindy Hardwick, 38, of Lake Stevens, Washington, has dodged all the major bugs while volunteering at schools and a juvenile-detention center. Her secret weapon: a monthly massage. Hardwick even sailed through a move (selling her first house) without the post stress blahs. “It’s got to be the massage,” she says. “I’m convinced it’s like taking medicine.”

Most studies show that massage can reduce anxiety, blood pressure, and heart rate — and lowering these is likely to cause your stress level to drop, one key to building immunity. Health.com: What kind of massage is best for you?

“Decreasing stress increases your immune cells,” says Tiffany Field, PhD, director of the Touch Research Institute of the University of Miami School of Medicine.

Make massage work for you: Any type of rubdown is fine, as long as you ask for moderate pressure, Field says. The therapist’s touch should be vigorous enough to move or indent skin but not so hard that it causes pain. How often do you need one? There’s no science on that, but experts say once a month (or more) is worthwhile. Check with your insurance provider to see if massage therapy is covered. If cost is an issue, check out massage schools, which sometimes offer discounted services.

You can take matters into your own hands, too, by showering with a stiff, natural-bristle brush; like moderate-pressure massage, this stimulates pressure receptors under the skin, Field says. A brush we like: Earth Therapeutics Far Reaching Back Brush ($7; www.mothernature.com) And couples who massage each other for 10 minutes a few times a week can reap significant benefits, Field adds. Tune up your technique with Gaiam’s Massage Practice: Acupressure DVD ($10; www.gaiam.com).
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Breast cancer survivors who suffer from hot flashes can reduce these attacks significantly with hypnosis, a new study finds.

Hot flashes are a problem for many women who survive breast cancer. Not only do they cause discomfort, but they interrupt sleep, cause anxiety and affect a woman’s quality of life.

“This is a very encouraging study of hypnosis as a treatment for hot flashes in breast cancer survivors,” said Dr. Ted Gansler, director of Medical Content at the American Cancer Society, who was not involved in the study. “This is an important topic because of the high prevalence of these symptoms in breast cancer survivors, and because few other treatment options are both safe and effective for this population,” he added.

There have been some other studies of hypnosis and cancer that indicate that the treatment is useful, but currently underutilized, Gansler noted.

The report was published in the September issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

For the study, researchers led by Gary Elkins, a professor of psychology at Baylor University, randomly assigned 60 breast cancer survivors who suffered from hot flashes to five weekly sessions of either hypnosis or no treatment.

During each session of hypnosis, women were given mental imagery and suggestions for relaxation and coolness. They were also told to disassociate themselves from hot flashes. In addition, they were taught to use positive suggestions and imagery during self-hypnosis.

Women who underwent hypnosis had an average 68 percent decrease in the frequency and severity of hot flashes, the researchers found. In addition, these women said they experienced less anxiety and depression. They also had significant improvements in sleep and their ability to perform daily activities, compared with women who received no treatment.

“Women are interested in alternatives to traditional hormone therapy and pharmacologic interventions, and this study demonstrates the feasibility and potential effectiveness of hypnosis as an alternative treatment,” the researchers concluded.

But since the control group received no treatment, it’s difficult to say whether some or even all of the improvement represents a “placebo effect,” Gansler noted. “However, the researchers reasonably suggest that the improvement is so substantial that it is unlikely to be due entirely to a placebo effect,” he said.

Nancy E. Avis, a professor in the department of social sciences and health policy at Wake Forest University School of Medicine, and author of an accompanying journal editorial, agreed that hot flashes are a symptom of cancer treatment that needs to be paid attention to.

“We don’t have good interventions for hot flashes,” Avis said. “We know that hormone therapy treats hot flashes, but women who have had breast cancer don’t want to take hormone therapy,” she said.

Many mind-body approaches are promising, Avis said. “The hypnosis study has impressive results, but we need more research,” she said. “Based on these small studies, we are not ready to say they work.”

Avis believes alternative approaches such as hypnosis are appealing to a lot of women. Many other approaches such as meditation and yoga are available at cancer centers, she noted.

“There is no reason to think they are not safe,” Avis said. “The advice is — try it — there is no harm in trying. As long as you do it with somebody who knows what they’re doing, there are no downsides,” she said.
By Steven Reinberg (HealthDay News)

Women who were bigger and longer babies may be more likely to develop breast cancer, researchers reported on Tuesday.

The study adds to evidence that, at least in some cases, something that happens in the womb may cause cancer later in life.

Previous research into links between birth size and breast cancer have proved inconsistent, but the findings published in the Public Library of Science journal PLoS Medicine are strong evidence that the two may be related.

“These findings provide strong evidence that birth size — in particular birth length — is a marker of a woman’s breast cancer risk in adulthood, although the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear,” Isabel dos Santos Silva of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and colleagues wrote.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide, according to the American Cancer Society. The group estimates about 465,000 women died of breast cancer globally in 2007, and 1.3 million new cases were diagnosed.

Declining death rates from breast cancer in developed countries have been attributed to early detection through mammography screening and to improved treatment.

Dos Santos Silva and colleagues examined 32 studies comprising 600,000 women, mainly in developed countries. Their analysis included more than 22,000 women who had breast cancer.

After considering established risk factors such as age and late menopause, the researchers found a strong association with birth size, birth length and head circumference. Of the three, birth length showed the strongest link.

“The amount by which birth size affected breast cancer risk was not affected by allowing for other established risk factors,” the researchers wrote.

For example, women with recorded birth weights of 4 kilograms or more had a 12 percent higher chance of breast cancer than babies weighing 3 to 3.5 kilograms at birth, the study found.

The link between breast cancer and birth size appeared smaller when compared with other risk factors. The researchers estimated that birth size may be responsible for up to 5 percent of all women who develop breast cancer by the age of 80.

Some research has linked hormones such as estrogen and human growth hormone with cancer.

The researchers noted age of puberty and adult height are also associated with breast cancer risk, and growth as a fetus can predict a girl’s growth, so there could be a link there.

“The maternal and/or foetal hormonal environment associated with large birth size may alter programing of the breast, making it more susceptible to cancer,” the researchers wrote.

by Michael Kahn | Maggie Fox and Tim Pearce ( LONDON Reuters )